This book is a comprehensive, “state-of-the-science” review and assessment of how global environmental change and development are interacting in the Southeast Asian monsoon region. It is targeted at the scientific community working on environmental changes in Southeast Asia. It builds on more than a decade of capacity building and research activities, many coordinated by the Global Change SysTem for Analysis Training and Research in Southeast Asia. This book is also an initial contribution from the Southeast Asian region to Earth System Science Partnership initiative known as the Monsoon Asia Integrated Regional Study (www.mairs-essp.org).